1. Counting and Cardinality

• Counting to 100 by ones and tens
• Counting forward from any number
• One-to-one correspondence
• Writing numbers 0–20
• Understanding the relationship between numbers and quantities
• Comparing numbers using greater than, less than, equal

2. Operations and Algebraic Thinking

• Representing addition and subtraction with objects, fingers, drawings, and equations
• Solving word problems using addition and subtraction within 10
• Decomposing numbers less than or equal to 10
• Making 10 from any number (e.g., 6 + 4)
• Fluency with addition and subtraction within 5

3. Number and Operations in Base Ten

• Understanding teen numbers as ten and some more (11–19)
• Composing and decomposing numbers from 11 to 19 into groups of ten ones and some more ones using models (ten frames, cubes)

4. Measurement and Data

• Describing measurable attributes of objects (length, weight, etc.)
• Comparing two objects with a measurable attribute in common
• Sorting and classifying objects into categories
• Counting the number of objects in each category

5. Geometry

• Naming and identifying 2D and 3D shapes (e.g., circle, square, triangle, cube, sphere)
• Describing the position of objects using words like above, below, next to
• Comparing shapes based on attributes (size, number of sides)
• Composing simple shapes to form larger shapes (e.g., two triangles make a square)